what is tina and gina drugs

Avr
2023
17

posted by on behavioural framework for understanding mental distress

ku dorms ranked

Consent is not permanent and can be withdrawn at any time. All complaints and concerns are fully investigated by corporate compliance and corrective actions are implemented based on substantiated allegations. Open wounds or damaged mucous membranes can turn typically low-HIV-risk sex acts such as oral sex into much-higher-risk sexual activity[19] unless all HIV-positive participants are undetectable on HAART, or all HIV-negative participants are taking TRUVADA for PrEP in strict accordance with prescription instructions. [14] Imodium is often taken by participants in passive anal sex in order to be clean for longer. What is the fourth step in AA (with worksheet)? GHB/GBL and crystal meth can also increase the risk of injuries due to accidents or sexual encounters that go wrong. Service: Dine in Meal type: Lunch Price per person: $10-20. Advice for anyone under 21 or anyone supporting a young person. Once very big amongst some of the US gay community but now spreading fast into mainstream culture, meth was originally used by bikers and truckers to stay awake on long journeys. Tina is a name given by the LGBTQ community and refers to the well-known drug crystal methamphetamine or crystal meth. It can come in several different forms including tablets, powder, or crystals. It becomes addictive because your body experiences intense cravings to maintain the extremely euphoric state, which often results in constant redosing and binge-like behavior to achieve that goal. Furthermore, the use of these drugs can affect erection and ejaculation. All Rights Reserved. Crystal Meth can also increase blood pressure and cause irregular heartbeats that can lead to cardiac arrest. California State University, Long Beach". Treatmentmay involvecognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise, and nutritional guidance and incentives, such as vouchers, in exchange for remaining drug-free. (2012). Frederick, BJ (11 July 2013). Our support hotline is available 24 hours a day at, 2020 - Inspire Recovery LLC. Inhibitions are lowered and sex drive may be increased this can lead to taking part in risky activities that you would not normally do, such as having unsafe sex. Incentive programs that offer rewards for remaining drug-free may also be helpful. Crystal Meth can also make people feel agitated, paranoid, confused and aggressive. They frequently grind and clench their teeth while high. As a stimulant, it speeds up activity in the central nervous system, which can cause a person to feel euphoric, powerful, and alert. Find out what cocaine is, its effects, what makes it addictive, and the health risks. Some withdrawal symptoms that a person may experience include: The person will likely also experience emotional turmoil and strong cravings for some time. Learn more here. Sandwich was good and so was the friendly service. ", "How gay culture bottled a formula that has broken down boundaries", "Gay 'chemsex' is fuelling urban HIV epidemics, AIDS experts warn", "It's Time to Talk About Chemsex and Consent", "ChemSex and hepatitis C: a guide for healthcare providers", "Up to 20 per cent of gay men have tried crystal meth", "Gay men need clear information about 'chemsex', not messages about morality", DANCE OF DEATH, First of three parts, CRYSTAL METH FUELS HIV, "Chemsex study: exploring sex and drugs among gay men in south London | Sigma Research", "Frederick, B.J. Among the most insidious of these stimulants is the drug Tina. This can lead to serious health problems, including seizures and even death. To the Tina users, the short-term effects might seem mild and the initial high intense. (2012). kontaktlinsen halloween nanu nana +91-7900646497; nbm.school.sre@gmail.com Depending on its form, methamphetamine can be swallowed, snorted or injected (slammed); and unlike amphetamine, it can also be smoked. This is also known to cause vascular damage and can contribute to ongoing infections. GHB/GBL can also cause dangerous withdrawal symptoms. straws and notes, Get tested regularly for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The use of TINA in this context probably stems from the custom of referring to "Crystal Meth" as "Chris tina ." "Crystal Meth" is also known as: Chrissy. While the high can make you feel energetic and happy, Tina is also one of the most addictive substances. Sign up and receive email updates on the latest news, events, and more! The lavish parties are often advertised on social media platforms like Tinder and will provide free crystal meth to enhance sexual experiences. The drug is odorless and colorless. The pharmacy made the policy . [1] This can include unprotected sex during sessions with multiple sexual partners that may continue for days. Suite 115 People may choose meth because of these euphoric effects. [11], A 2014 study on chemsex in London, UK, indicated that the drugs associated with chemsex include mephedrone, GHB/GBL, crystal meth, ketamine, and cocaine.[10]. This pattern of use is very different to those in other countries. Once that stage is complete, the individual can work on maintaining their recovery. Users who smoke their Tina can experience various skin and oral health problems. It was even used during wartime as an alertness aid for soldiers and pilots. If youre on grindr, you may have noticed profile descriptions featuring the name Tina or the letter T. Dont be fooled Tina isnt a Judy you can kiki with at a party. They may also become more hyperactive and restless, and begin to become more impulsive, aggressive, paranoid and physically violent. Tina, crank, speed, crystal, ice, shards, glass, and many more describe one particular drug responsible for around 15,000 deaths in 2019. Where can I find help with porn addiction? Amongst gay men, the perception is slightly different but the fear is the same. Those who use Tina longer can expect more severe side effects. Tina drug is a highly addictive substance. Find out more about HIV and keeping yourself safe. However, the form of the drug that was eventually used to create the Tina drug was so incredibly powerful that there are almost no accepted medical uses for it. |, If a person is undergoing these negative side effects, then. What is the scope of methamphetamine use in the United States? As well, since most chemsex takes place in private home parties, it is hard for public health staff to reach these participants to inform them of safer practices, as compared to reaching gay men in nightclubs, who can be approached by outreach workers".[18]. . People who are using certain drugs will often have rougher sex than usual, which can cause bleeding. CBAM is a multidisciplinary center that seeks to advance the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses, especially in communities with health disparities. Meth can also cause rapid weight loss, a higher libido, and intense feelings of alertness and concentration. No specific drug can treat methamphetamine withdrawal. Crystal meth is a strong, highly addictive amphetamine stimulant which is usually snorted, smoked, mixed with water and injected (slamming), or injected inside the anus (booty bumping). While the high can make you feel energetic and happy, Tina is also one . Moreover, a person may use meth to cope with other problems, such as depression, boredom, or sexual dysfunction. (crystal methamphetamine, tina, crystal meths, krank, tweak, ice) Crystal meth is an intensive stimulant with disinhibitory qualities. People using this drug may do things they wouldn't normally do, including risking picking up or passing on HIV. fisting) typically lasting two to three days, [and] multiple sexual partners. MENRUS has very comprehensive advice on chemsex. What is Tina drug? Signs of meth use include paranoia, dilated pupils, reduced appetite, rotting teeth, and outbursts or mood swings. Support, advice and how to stay safe. What is the difference between substance abuse, addiction, and dependency. AKA: Tina and Meth Crystal meth is a strong, highly addictive amphetamine stimulant which is usually snorted, smoked, mixed with water and injected (slamming), or injected inside the anus (booty bumping). What are the side effects of green xanax? Some tests may detect it up to 3 months, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. (n.d.). Drug rehabilitation programs can help people through the withdrawal process, allowing them to achieve their goals related to crystal meth use. ex. GHB and GBL are sedatives. Men who PNP with methamphetamine, cocaine, MDMA, and ketamine are twice as likely to have unprotected sex (meaning sex without using a condom or taking PrEP), according to British research from 2006. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? supporting a person to manage the underlying issues that led to the harmful use of crystal meth. Sometimes people inject crystal meth and mephedrone. They graduated from UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA / HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER. Does kratom help with opioid or fentanyl withdrawal? An estimated 964,000 people aged 12 or older (about 0.4 percent of the population) had a methamphetamine use disorder in 2017that is, they reported clinically significant impairment, including health problems, disability, and failure to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home as a result of their drug use. There may be individuals who are not men who have sex with men who use drugs as part of their sex lives, but the term chemsex refers to a practice with a specific history and culture. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Alyssa who is the National Director of Digital Marketing, joined the Banyan team in 2016, bringing her five-plus years of experience. what is tina and gina drugs. We avoid using tertiary references as our sources. You can find more information about the history and culture of chemsex on the website of advocate and activist David Stuart: There are three specific drugs usually involved: Find out more about chemsex drugs and how to keep yourself safe. There are countless illicit and dangerous drugs, some with an incredibly high potential for addiction and dependence and possibly deadly physical effects and dangers. When dopamine burnout happens, the user will find it difficult or even impossible to enjoy activities or hobbies that they used to enjoy. There is evidence that long-term use can damage the brain. These are often side effects seen after only using the Tina drug for a short time. If you are struggling with an addiction, you must reach out for help immediately before its too late. Where can I find support for families of addicts? #thapkipyarki##anmolrishtey#thapkipyarki#thapkipyarkiserial#thapkipyarkifullepisode #thapkipyarkiepisode641# . The drug is three times more addictive than cocaine, for instance. All rights reserved. and used for generations as a legitimate medication, Tina was often prescribed by doctors to help mitigate the symptoms brought on by many different conditions, from obesity to chronic fatigue to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Is it safe to mix alcohol and gabapentin? The use of the drug tends to dry the mouth, reducing the levels of protective saliva. Learn. The Tina drug is taken in various ways, each with side effects. you should drink of water per day. Tina drug causes an intense elevated or euphoric mood that is much stronger than cocaine. Misuse of amphetamines may lead to addiction. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? 32, No. What is Tina slang for? People may find quitting crystal very difficult and its effects on the brain can last long after giving the drug up. Other popular street names for crystal meth are ice, chalk, crank, fire, junk, sketch, speed, zip, and zoom. Some people find that it can have a negative effect on their friendships and work life. "Tina" (crystal meth) - The drug that spoils the party. The dopamine rush in the reward centers of the brain gives a person a sense of euphoria soon after taking the drug. [8] Since stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine drastically delay the need for sleep, increase sexual arousal, and tend to inhibit ejaculation, PNP sexual encounters can continue for many hours or even days. Very Fast cooked, So Tasty! The drug grants a powerful euphoric sensation and comes in several forms, including powder, tablets, and crystals. Take a look at our chemsex support and advice for professionals. There are ways to keep yourself safe, but there are some risks involved: It can affect your physical and mental health. crystal meth. LGBTQ+ Drug & Alcohol Rehab. Calling it the invisible drug, Project GHB stresses the importance of spreading awareness of GHB and its uses, since it is rarely discussed as more than a date-rape drug. [12][13] These drugs tend to inhibit penile erection,[8][9] a phenomenon known by the slang term crystal penis or tweaker dick. If youre under the influence of drugs you might not use a condom, which can put you at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These effects popularized the Tina drug, now extensively abused in parties, in particular sex parties, among men who have sex with men. in Social Work. However, crystal meth use amongst veterans is especially worrying, as many military personnel come home with serious physical or mental ailments after serving. This may explain why people who chronically use crystal meth often develop emotional and cognitive difficulties. If you or someone you love is addicted to Tina, the first step to a successful recovery is to contact treatment professionals to arrange a safe and medically supervised detox and withdrawal. If a person is showing these signs or other behavioral changes like twitching or hypersensitivity, seek immediate medical attention. The drug called Tina is a shortened name or nickname for Christina, which refers to crystal meth. It was even used during wartime as an alertness aid for soldiers and pilots. by Ex PNPr March 15, 2009 Get the G & T mug. Under the influence, and especially if mix of several types of drugs are mixed and abused, individuals . Amphetamines are stimulants that doctors prescribe for conditions such as ADHD. It is often used during non-stop sex sessions and on the clubbing scene. As a result, it increases the levels of dopamine in the body. All Rights Reserved. It is illegal. Since the Tina drug inflicts sex for hours and increases pain tolerance, the LGBTQ community is well-known for misuse and abuse of the drug. Sharing slamming equipment such as needles and syringes could put you at risk of infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Do not share any equipment that has been previously used. It can also interact dangerously with other recreational and prescription drugs. Use condoms and lube, and other barrier protection like dental dams, Set ground rules while youre sober about what you do and dont want, Dont share needles or items for snorting eg. Severe psychoses caused by methamphetamine have been reported. It's know as meph, drone or meow meow. Crystal methis an incredibly cheap and powerful stimulant taking over the US. Serving the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Allies + the rest of the Queer community recovering from addiction & trauma in a rehab setting. Excessive use of Crystal Meth can lead to long-term mental health issues, including chronic depression and paranoia, and can increase the chances of developing Psychosis. A key self-confidence issue for study participants was "body image", a concern that was heightened by the focus on social networking apps on appearance, because on these apps, there is a focus on idealized male bodies that are "toned and muscular". "What is chemsex and why does it matter? Well be breaking down the use of Tina/Crystal Meth within the queer community and what to look out for if you suspect someone you know is using. Recent years an increase has been detected in party drugs abuse in the gay community. Sociologically, it refers to a subculture of recreational drug users who engage in high-risk sexual activities under the influence of drugs within sub-groups. In the United States, a different formulation of methamphetamine called Desoxyn is available by prescription to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). > what is tina and gina drugs. Consequently, many men who engage in PNP use erectile dysfunction drugs such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. drug responsible for around 15,000 deaths, https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/2021/09/methamphetamine-involved-overdose-deaths-nearly-tripled-between-2015-to-2019-nih-study-finds, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/23207, Ambien Withdrawal: Side Effects, Symptoms, & Timeline. Crystal Meth gives an intense, powerful high followed by a very severe comedown. People should contact a doctor or specialist who deals with substance use disorders for support. Tina is actually an abbreviated term for Christina a common nickname used in the LGBTQ community, for Crystal Meth. Tina has taken hold in the gay community but is largely unknown outside this group. In addition, the longer they use, the more difficult recovery can be. The way a person takes meth may affect the high. One academic study calls the practice "sexualized drug use" or SDU. Drug rehabilitation programs can help people through the withdrawal process and guide them toward a drug-free life once withdrawal symptoms have gone. The drug of choice is typically methamphetamine, known as crystal meth, tina or T,[2] but other drugs are also used, such as mephedrone, GHB, GBL,[3] and alkyl nitrites (known as poppers). Drug and alcohol addiction is a nationwide epidemic, please reach out if you or a loved one is suffering. According to data, approximately 90% of abusers re-abuse the drug following rehab. Methamphetamine-involved overdose deaths nearly tripled between 2015 to 2019, NIH study finds. It combines cognitive behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, family therapy, and 12-step programs. The Tina drug is known to produce numerous intense phases, which can lead to long-term health complications or overdose. [10] The crash following the use of methamphetamine in this manner is very often severe, with marked hypersomnia. The most common sign that someone is taking crystal meth is usually rapid weight loss, tooth decay and visual signs of sores and scabs on the face and skin. All Rights Reserved. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. [21] The rise of online websites and hookup apps in the 1990s gave men new ways of cruising and meeting sexual partners, including the ability to arrange private sexual gatherings in their homes. Crystal meth boosts the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and stops its reuptake. Users who choose to insufflate or snort their Tina can expect to experience nasal and sinus tissue deterioration. men in Lambeth, Southwark & Lewisham. Tina is a powerful drug and can quickly induce the feeling of alertness, awareness and can make the user feel exhilarated. However, a doctor may prescribe medication for other symptoms, such as depression or anxiety. what is tina and gina drugshow does khalil explain thug life. Is exercise more effective than medication for depression and anxiety? The primary factor in the risk of dependency, however, is the addiction profile, including how often the individual used Tina, for how long, and the dosages involved. However, in the end, the drug can have severe impacts on their emotional and physical health not to mention their social life. Popular discourses of "disinhibition" provide a commonly accepted alibi for activities engaged in when under the influence of stimulants.[14]. The rapid addiction to Tina leads to both extreme short and long term effects, to name but a few: From being high to being depressed and suicidal. [9] In some cases, these sexual encounters will sometimes occur continuously for several days along with repeated methamphetamine use. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://nadk.flinders.edu.au/kb/methamphetamines/general-methamphetamine-information/are-there-different-forms-of-methamphetamine, https://www.addictiongroup.org/blog/meth-in-your-system/, https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Methamphetamine-2020_0.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549783/, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/how-methamphetamine-manufactured, https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/population-health/odh/documents/meth-mouth.pdf, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535451/, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-are-long-term-effects-methamphetamine-misuse, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-scope-methamphetamine-misuse-in-united-states, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-treatments-are-effective-people-who-misuse-methamphetamine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535356/, Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. For the film, see, Vol. Find out more about chemsex drugs and keeping yourself safe. In any situation where drugs or alcohol are present, it is easy for people to lose the capacity to consent. Both statements are myths and those new to the LGBT community should understand that fun, including exciting and satisfying sex, can and does exist in the community without the use of drugs. The severity of the dependency will often depend on several factors, like age and medical history. While most other stimulants only last a few hours, the Tina drug can last 8 to 12 hours or even longer, depending on the user. Some of the changes to the brain that result from inappropriate crystal meth use remain long after a person has stopped taking the drug. [20], Subcultures of psychoactive drug use have long existed within urban gay communities, since the 1970s disco era and before. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. is highly recommended as soon as possible to avoid long-term health risks or overdose. Meth has long lasting effects on the human body, and it may take up to 4 days for it to leave the system. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Other names include Tina, T, Ice. Some depressants can slow the users central nervous system to a crawl, slowing or blocking communication between the brain and the body. People who engage in chemsex regularly sometimes find it hard to enjoy sex without chemsex drugs. You can learn more about how we source our references by reading our editorial guidelines and medical review policy. what is tina and gina drugs. The UCLA Center for Behavioral & Addiction Medicine (CBAM). How can I stay sober during the holidays? The drug is invading online and cruising app discourse: 'wired play . Unfortunately, due to the boost of confidence, many users still do not use protection during intercourse, resulting in a spike in HIV and STDs in the LGBTQ community. We avoid using tertiary references. 2023 Banyan Treatment Centers. Because crystal meth increases your heart rate and blood pressure when taken, there is also a serious risk of heart attack and other serious health problems when taking the drug. Get support if you want to cut down or stop. Jeffrey Drew, an activist in the recovery community, has been sober for almost 26 years. The chemical compound that makes up the Tina drug is incredibly toxic when combusted, producing corrosive, acidic smoke. Because crystal meth can create a sense of euphoria and enhanced desire for sex, this often also leads to the dangerous practice of those in attendance having unprotected sex with people they do not know, increasing the chance of contracting HIV. Long-time smokers will notice they have open sores all over their bodies, often from skin irritation due to the smoke, and compulsions to pick and scratch the wounds, driven by the Tina use. Tina is one of the many slang terms for what has become one of the deadliest drugs in the United States - crystal meth. Chemsex can have a negative impact on your physical health, including your heart and brain. Copyright 2021 56DeanSt. Increased heart rate and blood pressure, raising the risk of heart attack the higher the dose, the greater these effects. what was the temple of jupiter used for; is the solution of nh4f acidic, basic or neutral; is harry a common nickname for henry; wet wipes manufacturer in mexico; coosawattee river alligators; brothers osborne we're not for everyone tour setlist; Their full names are gammahydroxybutyrate and gammabutyrolactone, and they're also known as G, gina, geebs and liquid ecstasy. Does weed kill brain cells or cause brain damage? Tina is a powerful drug and can quickly induce the feeling of alertness, awareness and can make the user feel exhilarated. California State University, Long Beach. Crystal meth is an incredibly cheap and powerful stimulant taking over the US. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. . People will smoke Tina for rapid effects and often perform sex for an extended time. To see the full video of the discussion, click here. albert chanel job . www.sigmaresearch.org.uk/chemsex. Causing skin abscesses, collapsed veins, blood poisoning and heart infections. [8], Methamphetamine taken in excess of amounts prescribed or recommended will prolong symptoms of intoxication for up to eight hours. Men who have sex with men in the chemsex scene who inject drugs tend to use 'clumsy injecting practices and knowledge', which increases the risks of injection problems. The impact of chemsex can be different for different people. Within the LGBTQ community, Tina is most commonly taken by gay men, bi men and transgender women. Tina, crank, speed, crystal, ice, shards, glass, and many more describe one particular drug responsible for around 15,000 deaths in 2019. [10], A study of sauna participants in Barcelona, Spain, in 2016, found that the most commonly used drugs in chemsex are "GHB/GBL, cocaine, ecstasy, silver bars (MDMA), poppers and Viagra". Contact a premier rehab facility that can walk you through the process of recovery with the support and encouragement you deserve, so you can start living the life youve always dreamed about starting today. At the height of Jeffreys addiction, he was living on the streets and was eventually diagnosed with HIV in 1987, when little was known about the infection. Accessed June 29, 2022. What is chemsex? Here are some frequently asked questions about Tina: Tina is a drug that you may know by its more common names including crystal methamphetamine or crystal meth. You can learn more about how we source our references by reading our, editorial guidelines and medical review policy. Other changes to the brain may reverse after long periods of abstinence, but this could take a year or more. The rapid and strong addiction to Tina is irreversible in most cases! Clinical Trials Network (CTN) Big South West Node, COVID-19 Vaccine Equity and Access Initiative, The UCLA Center for Behavioral & Addiction Medicine (CBAM). Among the most insidious of these stimulants is the drug Tina. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not currently approved any drugs that can help a person recover from substance use disorder. Crystal meth has no medical use, and it carries a high risk for physical and psychological dependence. Studies have suggested that crystal meth is actually three times more addictive than cocaine, and can create an instant dependency for first-time users. Dopamine burnout is one of the symptoms and side effects that can persist for years after the Tina user has completed withdrawal and detox. This class of drugs includes well-known drugs like the infamous party drug cocaine and innocuous but dangerous caffeine. It can affect your social, sex and work life. 3 Behavioral and Psychosocial Research Sexualized Drug Use (Chemsex) Is Associated with High-Risk Sexual Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men: Data from the U-SEX GESIDA 9416 Study Our support hotline is available 24 hours a day at, 2020 - Inspire Recovery LLC. Some people take part in chemsex to feel less inhibited and to enhance pleasure. Due to this, it may radically change behaviors and emotions. Tina Drug Use in Veterans. Alicia Gonzlez-Baeza, Helen Dolengevich-Segal, Ignacio Prez-Valero, Alfonso Cabello, Mara Jess Tllez, Jos Sanz, Leire Prez-Latorre, Jos Ignacio Bernardino, Jess Troya, Sara De La Fuente, Otilia Bisbal, Ignacio Santos, Sari Arponen, Vctor Hontaon, Jos Luis Casado, and Pablo Ryan, the U-SEX GESIDA 9416 Study, Bourne A, Reid D, Hickson F, Torres Rueda S, Weatherburn P (2014) The Chemsex study: drug use in sexual settings among gay & bisexual Dopamine plays an important role in motor function, motivation, reward, and how the brain experiences and interprets pleasure. Whether smoked or injected, the wider community perceives crystal meth as a 'dirty' drug associated with the mythologised image of 'meth face', with teeth missing and wiry, ruined bodies.

Bath Bubbles Crossword Clue, Luxury Houses For Sale In Bacolod City, Arabella Wine Stockists, Busch Gardens St Louis Amusement Park, Articles W

what is tina and gina drugsReply

Article rédigé par through body porcelain floor tile