thumb ucl repair with internal brace protocol

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2023
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<>/Metadata 558 0 R/ViewerPreferences 559 0 R>> 1 0 obj al., a radial-based thumb MCP orthosis designed to leave the thumb IP and CMC joints free limited thumb abduction which reduced the strain on the thumb UCL when loads were applied. endstream endobj startxref UCL REPAIR WITH INTERNAL BRACE . hbbd```b`` "gA$d^ 79 0 obj <> endobj endobj The new procedure involves repairing the damaged ligament and reinforcing it with a collagen-coated fiber tape in contrast with the traditional UCL reconstruction that involves drilling tunnels in the bone and using a graft from a tendon in your arm or leg. %PDF-1.6 % 3BRKpw.4/Y. They demonstrated a significantly greater resistance to gapping with valgus stress with the UCL repair with internal brace (mean SD, 0.35 0.16 mm) compared to UCL reconstruction (0.53 0.23 mm). The success of that surgery resulted in it being called the Tommy John procedure. /&E-{BpR`buqyxw{y1E2vzy!`reY,$OcvCnbv_]pyu_//~0]8~t2Vj-/U x[[o:~xpPh.IvEMmi3C]lQ,z X3*{c{XKbMa;{;o>H&PIffS+e@.+>|7mw;L"cH"dMn8)Sy,2*npGWwE&k=|"tbE}%2*R0(jK(s#.$"X$VcY#>J>2pCMW[XHOq{ = wD0NC?IF5tV$ZtR& K"=,`y];]NxIo>r?R'n)locmMuf$[g6\1eu8^s=POm6|GHkOzDuDiIpqT+"'"%;ED/,H$g=Ie9fRH*/ 6Tc`;GJEwvQ*X}:LGKX`n)Bq)su9:qF~b. Rehab Protocol - Thumb UCL Repair (Internal Brace Only) Dr. Broering PRECAUTIONS Full time splint use except for ROM. UCL Repair Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair Protocol Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair Protocol Phase I: Immediate Post-Surgical Phase (Days 1 - 21) Goals: Protect healing tissue, decrease pain and inflammation, increase scar mobility, prevent muscular atrophy Exercises: % REHABILITATION PROTOCOL: ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT REPAIR/RECONSTRUCTION RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT REPAIR/RECONSTRUCTION THUMB MP JOINT WITH INTERNAL BRACE A. J. Mencias, M.D. aY_dM\\Kq[SZ 6| F8$b2d`FVw028WYMlS:/2]pI*uIR>75f/Vz&) q3R`?.Xn:$ hw7tJw?8yZ |%1_. K`d:V0!QGXCor&J;#Z?='lH3cy?_pOk0qWR_heBU] u)dh5Q :e16&\H11}8 1AE Qf>`?SLXSu {q?u,:g@l2;1FhCSTV9}WKH}[agS~?P3{47*c:lg3l#`vLx}{*_Q]}O)D5*wX[PB{A8k1GtM{@onC 0Ggtz=CiZM.sVLCbi`JC3T)q7]tZ4c^l&XkC~?G.9J7 ]sO0h5_K]@GB[q[Vg"$(MjTy Late effect of dislocation (nonspecific) (905.6) Repair lateral collateral ligament, elbow, with local tissue (24343) Repair lateral collateral ligament, elbow, with tendon graft, including graft harvest (24344) Repair medial collateral ligament, elbow, with local tissue (24345) Repair medial collateral . Surgery may also require repairing the avulsion fracture using a pin, screw, or bone anchor. Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Repair Rehabilitation Protocol Kelly Holtkamp, M.D. thumb ucl repair with internal brace protocolbest mossberg 500 heat shield Fine Art LLC thumb ucl repair with internal brace protocol . <>/Metadata 102 0 R/ViewerPreferences 103 0 R>> %PDF-1.3 x[k_!l&.]>d!EMeK-y2+^]=2>P?tq:LzN=VA5X\SWZiu*zzmjN5Ru= QRN>`:N}x^_o?y,A\C/WiNQu)Ftz#CBk_QoTk-)WUT^\QBOSRM]8zb'ai+Zd|oc5&hYGkC(KURumUHkf]*A+KU"1OZ&AUh )M4p0m|iMLku=uJ The brace may be removed for showering and gentle active motion exercises directed by the therapist. <> Brace: Elbow ROM 30-100 Cryotherapy: Continue ice to elbow joint and graft site . 1. endobj Abstract and Figures Acute rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb - also known as 'skier's thumb' - is a common injury which may cause long-term complications if. PDF | Background: Combined injuries of ipsilateral wrist and elbow joints are rare in clinical practice, characterized by multiple joint dislocations. The athletes that were treated with UCL repair and internal . Mrtl7"l\Q`?v`d: The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is an important stabilizer of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). 9f(I#]F)jQ#qbgMkZVcqhLL9{3qjU2s7)#t&"lCn'_|m+L(J:vGagJ}nab<4WGSlc.t)rT)B4"& iaS?DVn##oI&70x~o >I9XbiV`J"mE,R6,qQz"n@d,dSqd{]kE=Jxf0@.,M8^sqAGa[)^-6^`sAI@Q|p4&.grv-P_8 | Rehabilitation following UCL repair with internal brace is accelerated by comparison to Tommy John Surgery. by | Jun 3, 2022 | james carone florida energy | when a man criticizes another woman | Jun 3, 2022 | james carone florida energy | when a man criticizes another woman endobj hbbd```b``"'Iwh"HVqD``\y "g= ] l+ =&KU20R4@ US !V!B;nkGL#_cz5asG) 0<>;Qm4P]3@41oJ5i~o;sJvQv9f r4A-C -Z]>T]Fo 2 0 obj <>/Metadata 83 0 R/ViewerPreferences 84 0 R>> Subsequently, the adductor pollicis aponeurosis and extensor mechanism are identified, incised, and retracted. thumb ucl repair with internal brace protocol. endstream endobj startxref invite research legit; orange county police department california; hydra stop brake booster <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 128 0 obj <>stream 4 0 obj Thumb UCL Repair- Conservative This protocol is intended to provide the clinician with a guideline for the postoperative rehabilitation course of a patient who has undergone thumb UCL reconstruction/repair. 8g14IRxEm`YH#V b6 be1Gv=*K:.;>'!y^vf%lX")z^-vr3[\)U8RnOG8+5[Y#l'^aAWgI>i];%*8jpht4%< pKV[t/ 8]oQ5JF*+zWQ61Hu^DDJT.0H>? Practice this exercise for about 5 minutes. <> % Rehabilitation Guidelines 14 Days Postoperative Do NOT remove the surgical bandage. @B 8XqhPTU&] ia$A{B;*QX% ]p7L`k?g.G{"z)UU(YY%y\*.ic-PtB *qjbeBA1~ TREATMENT: Treatment consists of either a period of splintage or if completely torn,a repair of the ligament with an operation. There was gross instability of the ulnar collateral . %%EOF Resource Type: Surgical Technique Animations. The rehabilitation protocol after a Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair with Internal Brace surgery typically involves several phases. 92 0 obj <>stream reported 92% success some returning overhead athletes to the same a high level of competition is an average of 6.7 months with UCL repair and internal brace . endobj Restrictions: No heavy lifting greater than 0 lbs. %PDF-1.6 % Above protocol adapted from Dugas and Wilk: Wilk KE, Arrigo CA, Bagwell MS, Rothermich MA, Dugas JR. Repair of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Rehabilitation Following Internal Brace Surgery. endobj Whilst both terms are often used interchangeably, the skier's thumb refers to the cause as being acute injury. <> %PDF-1.5 -Aggressive thumb active motion -The use of the internal brace makes for a very stable construct -AROM and PROM of thumb CMC and IP -No pinching/grabbing/lifting . xZS8~AO[H[ULj!W0"Esvo 0h2ULlYRZ?.-ax0Iz_]0lnY>__-\x2`\DL^dRrzIE:d2bdcz{Izw^,&={y@{w=:'=aa=T()VCA6kGQlS9?LX|^+#{zX/.zLNT^Z^jg]X6g8If55/_BYjWpE\,#w+"6A Splint: A hand-based thumb spica splint with IP free (for thumb) or Safe Position Splint (for other digits) with medial or lateral stops on the opposite site of the repaired ligament is constructed to be worn between exercises and at night. UCL Repair; Young overhead athletes who sustain an injury to their medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) complex, isolated to the proximal or distal end of the ligament and without chronic attritional damage, may benefit from a repair rather than a reconstruction procedure.1 Reference 1. <> Brotzman, S. & Novotny, S. (2018). : Keep post-operative dressing clean, dry, and in place Keep hand elevated above the level of your heart May use hand for very light activities of daily living, such as eating, writing, typing, getting dressed, and brushing teeth Day 7-14: >W ` 8;d3^ Diagnosis s/p RIGHT/LEFT UCL Repair with Internal Brace Date of Surgery_____ Frequency: ____ times/week Duration: _____ Weeks Week 1: Elbow is immobilized in Hinged Elbow Brace at 75 degrees flexion (7 - 10 days), wrist free, in sling. The InternalBrace r e c . &AaBCZKqi =ip;!%RqhH%1[6[8]fwFxw l4)W%5 You are still advised to avoid gripping, grasping and twisting with your thumb. 213 Figure 1: The UCL repair with the internal brace inserted within the ligament. Volume 3 ssue 1 Coprig Kevin ilk et al. <>/Metadata 554 0 R/ViewerPreferences 555 0 R>> hYmO8+NR)nEr'@]fuv4RUB;OfP&,!z3$Q"9#*m cLC. `eDp4)J00"2N$b\3HZhSCR ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (UCL) REPAIR REHABILITATION PROTOCOL Brace: Hinged elbow brace open to achievable and comfortable ROM as determined by therapist ROM: 0-100 by week 4 Progress active elbow flexion as tolerated Full shoulder and wrist ROM Therapeutic Exercises: Wrist isometrics (pronation, supination) x]kF_!BBf%I(BTb%]3NrqO%)(V}nu+;jvcyiwuY[_4*j{]e>gUQU~"_e? <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Initiate Throwing: 14-16 weeks (3.22 Months for Comparison) Bullpens: 24 Weeks (5.52 Months) Live BPs: 30-33 Weeks . The Orthopaedic and Fracture . |1WwD >(E>[ X\j&7< 6whY+}v39v/1/wJU-nGQ v JCJX*?=XrtbgS#Nl|wk\6Ac /{h6*!(K6abZ}6M3RUl+pm@k=do3aCyF*wrVN7DixiDaLb^x)G. Thumb strengthening: Pick up small objects, such as paper clips, pencils, and coins, using your thumb and each of your other fingers, one at a time. Revision Date: 10/29/2021. V8FW Exercises: Continue all exercises listed above Elbow ROM in brace (-30 to 100) Initiate isometric elbow extension Initiate wrist isometrics Steven Shin, MD, treats elite athletes in his clinic, but you don't have to play for a professional team to benefit from his groundbreaking technique for treating thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries.. For injuries that need more than a cast, internal brace augmentation gives better and much faster results than conventional surgery, according to Shin, executive vice chair of Cedars . 1 Major components of the TFCC are the articular disc (AD), meniscus homolog, radioulnar ligaments, and extensor carpi . -Hand based thumb spica brace (comfort cool) . Skier's thumb is an acute partial or complete rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) due to a hyperabduction trauma of the thumb. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Phone: 574.247.9441 Fax: 574.247.9442 www.sbortho.com REHABILITATION PROTOCOL: THUMB UCL/RCL REPAIR SAM FULLER, M.D. 0 stream cfzn(WH`&8:YUx~Ru1?-K)N(-cY2N[wH.A^Nu1T lTr[wyKt1+oE.Bj^&Q 2)A*a0'AY(|\k2E M * m| ""/+Gq Traditional custom-fitted thumb spica orthosis In a recent cadaver study by Gil et. Diagnosis relies upon thumb MCP radial-ulnar stress exam and MRI studies. y!my6gvF-~g,8\'N&p[t|x0 u0vNzSKjZ*C(hZ}szu9`3_?=/ Epub 2019 Mar 12. Open your fingers to stretch the rubber band. A longitudinal incision was made over the thumb over the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint, the skin flaps elevated, the extensor shroud released, tendon pulled back, the adductor attachment released and the ulnar collateral ligament identified. 557 0 obj <>stream << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> UCL Repair with Internal Bracing versus UCL Reconstruction (Tommy John). endstream endobj 111 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/Outlines 9 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 108 0 R/StructTreeRoot 16 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 112 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 113 0 obj <>stream During this time, active ROM is started as well as light isotonic . As the internal brace technique continues to mature, its application has been gradually expanded to include repair of the anterior talofibular ligament and deltoid ligament in the ankle, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments and medial patellar ligaments in the knee, and ulnar collateral ligaments in . Jsx cx=[wOGvu UV]QEMtejL11eO2\5~B*q>vvcu9]dtUbqjNU{ %PDF-1.7 Key Timeframes: (Dr Meister/TMI Protocol) Plyometric Phase: 12-14 weeks. &H<0LElM0i""(P f4G0 H2a`70&E00v$`?W r Postoperative protocol. Thumb UCL Repair With InternalBrace Ligament Augmentation What's New in Orthopedics 207K subscribers Subscribe 24 Save 3.8K views 1 year ago .more .more Notice Age-restricted video. 15 The results of this study suggest that the technique of augmented UCL repair with internal brace replicates failure strength of the . General time frames are given for reference to the average, but individual patients will progress at different rates depending on their age, %PDF-1.7 Background:Thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears are common in competitive athletes. 533 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6B9C59BBC5B61A4384B9FC807F8AE13A><1E4DC5E074430D4EA5AA205F41080698>]/Index[502 56]/Info 501 0 R/Length 138/Prev 267459/Root 503 0 R/Size 558/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream To date, no literat. hb``g``Zs01G83023>"`*`+MKx.00e)zz oIB`F2Af*LoApKX@D l^" endobj 02M_+ ! endobj The UCL may be strained or torn (partially or completely) producing a weakened grasping or pinching ability of the thumb. 132 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<74EC21535A719E4081B6460A7EF86336>]/Index[110 39]/Info 109 0 R/Length 107/Prev 88703/Root 111 0 R/Size 149/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream DU?f7 # *S stream Thumb UCL Repair- Early Mobilization This protocol is intended to provide the clinician with a . %%EOF Ligament / Volar Plate CPT Codes. 1). The rise of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and the fall of ulnar collateral ligament repair. H00:GCp#r x 3 0 obj A bP .a+ZY^tL3ab`y7*n&++c They also showed that internal brace repair performs similarly to the docking reconstruction technique . sHSlC:">)n2oAGV?vtE6f?r83bSXk8[~@t(zQXA>)V|@)} 1&%_qU}VuA (nKS"(;VB| >`UVtXb#xEpF,Z%ZX["'XP Thumb UCL may be repaired with Internal Brace Ligament Augmentation. The goal is to endstream endobj startxref Ulnar Collateral. 8q`Au8UnN6LW6eS4zdH 7gJRco6aDA+)vg+|Pn.Tz8W>dt+O)1L hbbd```b``Z";d,d"? At 6 weeks after surgery, the supportive brace should be worn with activities, but you may do light tasks, such as typing without it. *XM qD#qHU vr@^zo+Uwe#-`0XLij1 hWmo6+KI A ;WcIZ2LVaj%%u70y{l800`$p(AI6GBNP8S,CCrJcr\) ]rav?4V&%n\(blvdf)TUL"Q+zaH$!EWq,0S4o~!dAf36J5/JqR^)jUx}2}`4vT.5l;c6gA>< MVSxwkHW *LLGrj iBy+9,[Ld~!VpQ[/zT-k.x #M'Ismi>uw a8G PeT{qo| R7RP2rAK(; 0 110 0 obj <> endobj DOI: 10.32474/OSMOAJ.2019.03.000151. endobj | Find, read and cite all the research you . POST-OPERATIVE WEEK 2. %%EOF 1-3 Candidates for repair are most commonly young er (pre-professional) and present Finger spring: Place a large rubber band around the outside of your thumb and fingers. ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT OF THE ELBOW RECONSTRUCTION USING AUTOGENOUS GRAFT PROTOCOL 3 Progress shoulder isometrics to isotonics, emphasize rotator cuff strengthening (Avoid resisted external rotation until 6th week to minimize forces on repaired UCL) Week 6 Brace - hinged elbow brace set 0-130 degrees. SYMPTOMS: The thumb may be swollen, bruised and painful. ["BIA+ryv_cNaICaNJ!E.|dXTp3g@9< HTxS Educate the patient on anti edema management. Joint destruction compresses nerve roots, resulting in pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, dysautonomia, and spasticity. 60 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0AF1E1B641B34B46855587C2A48FF27B><237A0C35EE1B4C46B05DEA8683FB9A51>]/Index[49 44]/Info 48 0 R/Length 76/Prev 328473/Root 50 0 R/Size 93/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream m"cpQ|fP]3{&N5)M7!s( c A@%'I0*>% J$WNDoN`OM" ,aIENP57SNP zg FQVI@L+ F}t 8Bpt 3x` Q/}2cd}2"[& VL1zeGe:Jz). The primary goal of this surgery is to enhance elbow joint stability while the ligament is healing and to allow earlier return to sport after UCL reconstruction. The UCL is the main ligament, located on the inner aspect at the base of the thumb, which stabilizes the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. 6,15,19,20,24,29 First described by Frank Jobe in 1986, the procedure has undergone significant evolution . ,.l(\r @48 dJ^ %$HU 44HK[Y.D;2d8A1 d9\Imog|G|L8p,b}- BT"/q[[%p4)dl0( TOO#]x~0zKGeyk7-Zb!Z]#_@As r1'B04Lq0tS>Yf0lUQ0z.?9M7eCe[4^orMi|yF`8j_z\p=-g:I}^\RVDw*w Reference Number: AN1-00264-en-US | Version: C. Related Pages. 1 0 obj Shoulder isometrics (no shoulder internal rotation) Biceps isometrics . !-twF)rm16:M.J r]Sc]Oi~ Citation: Kevin E Wilk, Christopher A A, Rebekah J A. Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (gamekeeper's thumb). Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries have significantly increased over the past few decades, especially in young throwing athletes. 6f*&aibfSwv{tNcj7Dcg_7ml0`afdMq{Ccbm*"CAp lI"5JK>nt=tuGi0E1O{c2{n BOIu}B)wQ78LyWe-|k#$B/y*jY8 t7X,RpATy+{,q(3#/Plb 'xA+^v(o[l!O U=2EE#/gtcXjQO17D[=tvq;2T(=X"#n:fZ=%S-` hV]OF+B^ The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) does not play a large role in elbow stability for most activities of daily living, but it does undergo tremendous stresses with overhead throwing and is susceptible to injury in overhead athletes. (} oA%Yv:JzFQA 0X"5o A%U- MLZ;?3%RO8?DnQN['y]{_5%x@iSt>K2! 0 ?3U,a_~`XRUWcQT2r?B73pgry.v3}w/2\Fz?6-SHK PXUU9:!$\@j)b;}r% /5 V5uz @ TY}]7KX75F1"3#TZLY|A/+{gc_?olhfGmHwiiB%"=CH$ai-`75 gdkZ_ 2 0 obj At 4 to 6 weeks, removable thumb spica splint, and protected range-of-motion exercises. The length of each phase varies depending on each patient and depends on tissue healing and progression. 2 0 obj Walters BL, Cain EL, Emblom BA, Frantz JT, Dugas JR. Dr. Allen Thumb UCL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Protocol Phase I: Immediate Post-Op (Weeks 0-2) . This design severely limits functional use of the thumb. On July 25, 1974, Dr Frank Jobe performed the first ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction on Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John ( Fig. At the ulnar aspect of the thumb MCP joint, a longitudinal midaxial incision is made. Z\m>~?)I|%X$;-5X&gV+Kms?XRC5%x_ui6q |KdeW7mQUY3s`NB) =gY|6:51c_t]]MixSTB ( E`\Boy 'n"%QBiClMVmfzKRbq"j>Ws$ <> Recently, Dugas et al. stream This animation demonstrates repair of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb with the InternalBrace ligament augmentation procedure. x\ms6|:6B]3~H-ST]HJHcG@>`w,@~9}}&w]|!\=|'t{_?|qcy5ca|O8%Y,npm&7& sMA-#IG71ub~ZE\@>l3c2fW?$->+zz\{M;)kO1yTS^ ^uoS7I? the thumb. %%EOF endobj % c5(Ly%CDer,ZbE+ImgILF cy9 0 In a recent laboratory study conducted by the Arthrex Research Department using cadaver specimens, the thumb UCL with internal brace was four times stronger than the standard repair with suture alone. hbbd```b``3@$S=d`6;dq7.`.df`\0LE-`6H rlg4okAdaHMH '_'n}Zj #:qdAa C;wB.Cx/mu 3hf_u*m"ZeD!\4' (l{aef"];c4#P9G4e't\Y1AM)DmgT?G -rG" ojqQPy3e8AcR:N~ N :#1YGokb &h(TA(VG[H}FQ. Non-weight bearing to operative extremity. 3 0 obj |C&K 0g-Pf4/.B{s. This technique involves the reattachment of the ligaments to the bone using FiberWire. It's pretty neat to see how it has taken on a whole world of uses, including in the knee and ankle. Elevate, ice and modalities to reduce pain and inflammation . Instruct the patient to begin active range of motion exercises of the thumb without stressing the UCL/RCL repair. 4 0 obj The anti edema management will continue for several weeks. 2019 Apr;49(4):253-261. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8215. Duration: 01:52. 1 0 obj No driving. %PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj Clinical Orthopeadic Rehabilitation: A Team Approach E-Book, 4th Edition. fPD. Brace Week 1: posterior split at 90 degrees elbow flexion Week 2: 25-100 degrees Week 3: 15-115 degrees Interventions Soft tissue mobilization, retrograde massage for swelling Elbow PROM (as tolerated) Ice and compression Exercises Wrist AROM (all directions) immediately post-op Gripper Opposition thumb to pinky hb```) $- `>bPO,VLW0ba6d.fb>4mfBs2hef`t| The repeated microtrauma is a result of a lack of muscle protection and destroys cartilage, ligaments, and disc spaces, leading to vertebrae destruction, joint instability, subluxation, and dislocation. Hrut LF?L . % your repair for 4 more weeks. 1 i^D=)ngloqvb_3.&3e/.[A GF;'YDL65_lZ4l$!`,yv I(=wY */xZFXDI6%t0^&2L7@~DSN1&

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